HSE26-02
OBUKA ZA PRVU POMOĆ ZA RUDARSKE RADNIKE — SPECIFIČNOSTI I PRAKTIČNA PRIPREMLJENOST ZA NADZEMNI KOP
Autori:
Dr Igor NEDELKOVSKI1 ORCID 0009-0005-0780-6087 , Dr Gjorgji JANEV2 ORCID 0009-0006-1558-9032
e-mail: inedelkovski@yahoo.com
Afilijacija:
1Klinichke bolnice Bitola,Sertifikovani instruktor prve pomoći, R. S. Makedonija
2Sluzbe medicinu rada, Poliklinika Eli Medika, Strumica, R. S. Makedonija
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strane 17-20 |
DOI: |
KRATAK SADRZAJ
Ovaj rad predstavlja praktičan i konceptualan model obuke prve pomoći prilagođen specifičnim rizicima rada na nadzemnim (open pit) kopovima u rudarstvu. Glavni cilj je obezbeđivanje brze i efikasne reakcije u slučaju povrede, smanjenje komplikacija i poboljšanje pripremljenosti za evakuaciju.Obuka se fokusira na: 1) procenu scene i ličnu bezbednost; 2) životno spasilačke mere (BLS/AED); 3) kontrolu teških krvarenja i primenu turniketa; 4) tretman i prevenciju crush sindroma; 5) imobilizaciju preloma i tretman opekotina i inhalacionih povreda; 6) upravljanje termalnim stresom (toplotni i hladni udar); 7) trijažu i organizaciju evakuacije u zahtevnom terenu.Program je dvodnevni (16 sati) i uključuje praktične scenarije na lokaciji, korišćenje trauma kit-a i specijalizovane opreme (AED, turniket, vacuum/SAM udlage, portable airway/BVM). Organizacione mere uključuju minimum dva obučena first aider-a po smeni, uspostavljene komunikacione procedure (GPS/radio) i plan medicinske evakuacije.Metodika obuke uključuje blended pristup: interaktivna predavanja, hands-on vežbe, full-scale scenarije simulacija, tabletop exercises, e-learning mikromodule, peer-to-peer mentorstvo i structured after-action debrief. Evaluacija se vrši putem pre/post testova, praktične provere po check-listi i sertifikacije. Kratke osvežavajuće sesije (2–4 sata) preporučuju se svakih 6 meseci; puna resertifikacija na 12–24 meseca; jedna velika terenska simulacija godišnje.Očekivani rezultati uključuju smanjenje vremena do prve intervencije, poboljšanu pripremljenost za evakuaciju, smanjenje komplikacija kod crush povreda i teških krvarenja, i održavanje kompetencija kroz sistematsku reobuku. Indikatori uključuju: vreme do prve intervencije, procenat sertifikovanih first aider-a, rezultati vežbi i broj korektivnih mera nakon debrief-a.
ABSTRACT
This study presents a practical and conceptual model for first aid training tailored to the specific hazards and conditions of open pit mining operations. The main objective is to ensure rapid and effective response to injured personnel, reduce complications, and improve evacuation readiness.The training focuses on: 1) scene assessment and personal safety; 2) life-saving interventions (BLS/AED); 3) control of major hemorrhage and tourniquet application; 4) management and prevention of crush syndrome; 5) fracture immobilization and treatment of burns and inhalation injuries; 6) management of thermal stress (heat and cold); 7) triage and evacuation organization in challenging terrain.The program is two days (16 hours) and includes on-site practical scenarios, utilization of trauma kits and specialized equipment (AED, tourniquet, vacuum/SAM splints, portable airway/BVM). Organizational measures include a minimum of two trained first aiders per shift, established communication procedures (GPS/radio), and arrangements for medical evacuation.The training methodology adopts a blended approach combining interactive lectures, hands-on exercises, full-scale scenario simulations, tabletop exercises, e-learning micro-modules, peer-to-peer mentoring, and structured after-action debriefs. Evaluation is conducted through pre/post tests, practical assessment using checklists, and certification. Short refresher sessions (2–4 hours) are recommended every six months; full recertification every 12–24 months; one large field simulation annually.Expected outcomes include reduced time to first intervention, improved evacuation preparedness, decreased complications related to crush injuries and major hemorrhages, and maintenance of competencies through systematic retraining. Key performance indicators include: time to first intervention, percentage of certified first aiders, exercise performance, and number of corrective actions following debrief.
Ključne reči: prva pomoć, rudarstvo, nadzemni kop, crush sindrom, turniket, evakuacija, trauma kit, BLS/AED, scenario simulacije, reobuka
Keywords: first aid, mining, open pit, crush syndrome, tourniquet, evacuation, trauma kit, BLS/AED, scenario simulations, retraining