HSE26-19
OD POTCENJENOG RIZIKA DO PROFESIONALNOG OBOLJENJA: POVEĆANJE SVESTI ZAPOSLENIH U GRAĐEVINSKOJ INDUSTRIJI O ZDRAVSTVENIM POSLEDICAMA IZLOŽENOSTI RESPIRABILNOJ SILIKATNOJ PRAŠINI
Autori:
Željana KUŽET1, ORCID: 0009-0004-0958-517X Bojana ZORAJA2 ORCID: 0000-0003-3708-8379 Vladimir MUČENSKI3 ORCID: 0000-0001-9830-4747, Goran BOŠKOVIĆ 3, Jovana TOPALIĆ4 ORCID: 0000-0001-7854-325
Korespondirajući autor: Željana KUŽET
E-mail: zeljana.kuzet.12@outlook.com
Afilijacija:
1PhD Student, Scholarship holder of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
2PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
3PhD, Full Professor, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
4PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Kraljevo, Republic of Serbia
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strane 160-167 |
DOI: |
KRATAK SADRŽAJ
Zagađenje vazduha je svakodnevni problem na gradilištima, a najveći problem je prašina, koja se javlja tokom bušenja, kopanja, rušenja, površinske obrade betona, sečenja drveta, testerisanja raznih greda, sečenja pločica i sličnih operacija. Zajedničko za sve pomenute radne operacije je supstanca – silicijum dioksid, koja se nalazi u hemijskom sastavu materijala koji se obrađuje, i to je trenutak kada se formira silikatna prašina. Silikatna prašina je hemijska opasnost koja, kao takva, ima sistemske efekte po zdravlje. Sistemski efekat po zdravlje je efekat po zdravlje koji se javlja na mestu udaljenom od početne tačke kontakta sa telom i takođe utiče na bubrege, jetru ili druge organe. Supstance sa sistemskim efektima često se akumuliraju u ciljnim organima, gde ispoljavaju štetne efekte. Silikoza je bolest pluća uzrokovana udisanjem prašine koja sadrži čestice silicijum dioksida. Čestice silicijuma su definisane kao „respirabilne“ i obično su manje od 5 mm u prečniku. Ovaj oblik silicijuma se naziva „respirabilni kristalni silicijum“ (RCS). Često se zanemaruje na radnom mestu jer je bezbojan, bez mirisa, ne iritira i ne izaziva neposredne efekte po zdravlje. Silikoza je fibrozna bolest pluća koja se razvija kada čestice silicijumske prašine ostanu u plućima, izazivajući ožiljke tkiva. U zavisnosti od koncentracije silicijumske prašine u vazduhu, silikoza može biti hronična (najčešći oblik), akutna ili akumulirana. Velike količine prašine koje se talože u plućima radnika slabe njihov imunitet i time postaju podložniji različitim simptomima (kratkoća daha tokom fizičkog napora, bol u grudima, jak kašalj, umor), ali i bolestima kao što su tuberkuloza, određene kardiovaskularne bolesti, sarkoidoza, plućna tuberkuloza, infekcije pluća, hronična opstruktivna bolest, određene vrste tumora, rak pluća, autoimune bolesti i poremećaji bubrega, koje mogu biti pogoršane HIV-om ili pušenjem. Često, gore pomenuti efekti i bolesti nisu vidljivi dok se ne dostigne kritično opterećenje organizma. Najveći rizik je silikoza, bolest za koju ne postoji lek i za koju je prevencija neophodna. Na osnovu navedenog, napominje se da tokom obuke zaposlenih o bezbednom i zdravom radu u građevinskom sektoru, značajnu pažnju treba posvetiti podizanju svesti radnika o zdravstvenim efektima silikatne prašine. Cilj ovog istraživanja je podizanje svesti zaposlenih u građevinskom sektoru o zdravstvenim efektima izloženosti respirabilnoj silikatnoj prašini i isticanje važnosti edukacije radnika kao ključne preventivne mere.
Povećanjem svesti o zdravstvenim posledicama i pružanjem realnih primera progresije bolesti, menja se mentalni model rizika i percepcija radnika o njihovom ponašanju, čime se smanjuje izloženost. Iz tog razloga je neophodno da, pored obuke zaposlenih, poslodavac obezbedi adekvatnu podršku, neophodnu ličnu zaštitnu opremu i pojačan nadzor. Edukacijom zaposlenih o zdravstvenim efektima silikatne prašine, preventivne mere se transformišu od obaveznih zadataka u svesne lične odluke.
ABSTRACT
Air pollution is a daily problem on construction sites, and the biggest problem is dust, which occurs during drilling operations, digging, demolition, surface treatment of concrete, cutting wood, sawing various beams, cutting tiles, and similar operations. Common to all the mentioned work operations is the substance – silicon dioxide, which is found in the chemical composition of the material being processed, and that is the moment when silicate dust is formed. Silicate dust is a chemical hazard that, as such, has systemic health effects. A systemic health effect is a health effect that occurs at a site distant from the initial point of contact with the body and also affects the kidneys, liver, or other organs. Substances with systemic effects often accumulate in target organs, where they exert adverse effects. Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling dust containing silicon dioxide particles. Silica particles are defined as „respirable“ and are typically less than 5 μm in diameter. This form of silicon is called „respirable crystalline silicon“ (RCS). It is often overlooked in the workplace because it is colorless, odorless, non-irritating, and does not cause immediate health effects. Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease that develops when silica dust particles remain in the lungs, inducing tissue scarring. Depending on the concentration of silica in the air, silicosis can be chronic (the most common form), acute, or accumulated. Large amounts of dust that settle in the lungs of workers weaken their immunity and thus become more susceptible to various symptoms (shortness of breath during physical exertion, chest pain, severe cough, fatigue), but also to diseases such as tuberculosis, certain cardiovascular diseases, sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung infections, chronic obstructive disease, certain types of tumors, lung cancer, autoimmune diseases and kidney disorders, which can be aggravated by HIV or smoking. Often, the aforementioned effects and diseases are not visible until the organism’s critical burden is reached. The greatest risk is silicosis, a disease for which there is no cure and for which prevention is essential. Based on the above, it is noted that during employee training on safe and healthy work in the construction sector, considerable attention should be paid to raising workers’ awareness of the health effects of silicate dust. The aim of this research is to raise employees’ awareness in the construction sector of the health effects of exposure to respirable silicate dust, and to emphasize the importance of worker education as a key preventive measure.
By increasing awareness of health consequences and providing realistic examples of disease progression, the mental model of risk and workers’ perceptions of their behavior are altered, thereby reducing exposure. For this reason, it is necessary that, in addition to employee training, the employer provide adequate support, the necessary personal protective equipment, and enhanced supervision. By educating employees about the health effects of silicate dust, preventive measures are transformed from merely obligatory tasks into conscious personal decisions.
Ključne riječi: silikatna prašina, zdravstveni efetki, edukacija radnika
Keywords: silica dust, health effects, worker education